The effectiveness of Baldi-based technology has been reported in numerous educational, academic, and scientific publications. A summary of selected recent peer-reviewed publications is featured below.
JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH
Using Visible Speech for Training Perception and Production of Speech for Hard of Hearing Individuals (HTML page)
1.6KB Acrobat PDF
Dr. Dom Massaro and Joanna Light reported the results of this study with hard-of-hearing children, ages 8-13:
- Baldi taught children distinctions of voiced vs. voiceless (e.g. /f/ vs. /v/), consonant clusters (e.g. /b/ vs. /d/) and fricative vs. affricate (e.g. /S/ vs. /tS/).
- Perception and production improved for each of the children.
- Speech production was generalized to new words not included in the training lessons.
- The training method rather than some other experience was responsible for the improvement.
EUROSPEECH, 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SPEECH COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY
Read My Tongue Movements: Bimodal Learning to Perceive and Produce Non-Native Speech /r/ and /l/
Dr. Dom Massaro and Joanna Light presented results of a study of native Japanese speakers, ages 19-36 who lived in the United States for 3-6 months:
- The subjects produced American English /r/ and /l/ using visible speech and displays of inside articulators.
- Perception and production of words generally improved from one day of training to the next.
- Correct pronunciation improved from 72% to 82% in the word position (initial consonant cluster - e.g. grew, glue) that research has show to be most resistant to training.
VOLTA REVIEW
Improving the Vocabulary of Children with Hearing Loss (HTML page)
2.1MB Acrobat PDF
Dr. Dom Massaro and Joanna Light reported the results of this study with hard-of-hearing children, ages 8-13:
- Initial knowledge of the words was negligible before training.
- Learning occurred quickly and nearly completely for all words.
- Retention was nearly perfect four weeks after the experiment.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Animated Tutor for Vocabulary and Language Learning for Children with Autism Dr. Dom Massaro and Alexis Bosseler reported the results of their study with autistic children, ages 7-12:
- Using Baldi, all the children learned a significant number of new words and grammar.
- The program, rather than external influences, was shown to be responsible for the learning and generalization (application in a natural environment) of the vocabulary.